Ask the Expert

A healthy 25-year-old purchases a $250,000 life insurance policy. He pays $110,100 in premiums over the next 40 years. Between age 65 and 80, he withdraws a total of $314,475. At age 80, he still has $63,121 of cash value and a death benefit of $178,935.

How is all this possible? The answer is permanent life insurance.

Many people opt for term life insurance while their children are in college or the mortgage needs to be paid. After all, popular wisdom recommends individuals “buy term and invest the difference.” Trouble is, most people spend the difference.

When it comes to IRAs, most people choose conventional investments such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds through a bank or brokerage house. But people seeking greater control have another option: self-directed IRAs.

Self-directed IRAs can be especially appealing for people who want to be more aggressive with their investments. They also offer a wide array of choices, including real estate, stocks and bonds of privately owned companies, private jet leasing, race horses, oil wells, gold, silver, platinum, and even bull semen.

This may be the time to buy that new car. February new car sales were the best since 2008. Anxious to extend that sales performance into March and April, and motivated by special “spiffs” (sales incentives) by manufacturers, dealers are eager to make deals.

Interest rates remain at rock-bottom levels, and many automobile manufacturers are offering low-interest, or even zero-percent, financing on selected new cars. In inflation-adjusted terms, they’re offering to pay you to take their money and their cars.

Two savings plans help families put aside money for college—and let those funds grow tax-free.

Under state 529 plans, families can contribute up to $13,000 annually or five years’ worth of annual exemption gifts—$65,000 in a single year—without paying gift tax. Withdrawals for educational expenses are tax-free. Gift-givers can get their money back by paying a 10 percent penalty and income tax.

The plans’ features vary from state to state. Some states offer income tax incentives to residents, but you need not be a resident to use a particular 529 plan.

A little-known tax requirement may impact international investors. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, effective since March 18, 2010, requires people to disclose any interest on specified foreign assets.

Most kinds of assets must be included in the tally. Among them are accounts maintained by foreign financial institutions, stocks and securities issued by non-U.S. citizens, and foreign trusts, notes, and bonds. An interest in a foreign partnership also applies, as do interest rate swaps, debentures, and other forms of indebtedness.

Taxpayers only need to report interest if their assets exceed a certain threshold. That amount varies depending on individuals’ filing status and whether they live in the U.S. or abroad.

 

head-shot-steve-weismanMore than nine million people have their identities stolen each year, according to the Federal Trade Commission. The amount of money and time victims lose varies widely. But one thing is for certain: It’s important to keep a close eye on your credit.

Free reports are available from Equifax, Experian, and Trans Union every 12 months. For extra vigilance, request a report from one of the three bureaus every four months.

You may also want to place a security freeze on your credit reports. This requires bureaus to obtain your consent before releasing information to potential creditors—a safeguard against thieves who might use your identity to open accounts. Most states charge small fees to place, lift, or remove a freeze.

head-shot-mcgrathSeveral noteworthy individual tax provisions expired at the end of 2011. Congress may retroactively reinstate some of them. But for now, they’re off the table.

Most people store vast amounts of information on computers and online. Yet few think about what will happen to their digital assets after they’re gone.
 
Digital assets range from online financial accounts to e-mail and social networking accounts and domain names. Photographs, documents, and other files also belong to this category.
 
Failing to consider your digital afterlife may prevent or complicate the distribution of financial and other assets. Conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein, for example, left behind a memoir in a password-protected file.

head-shot-mcgrathThe year is almost over, but there’s still time for 2011 tax planning.

There are several ways to reduce the likelihood of liability for the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), a nearly flat tax on taxable income. Individuals must pay the greater of a regular income-based tax or the AMT.

head-shot-steve-weismanThe holiday season is also prime scam season for people who want to turn charitable intentions into illegal gains. However, by following a few simple rules, you can make sure that your charitable donations will indeed be a blessing.

Never give money to anyone soliciting on the phone, and certainly don’t give a telemarketer your credit card number. The federal Do Not Call List limits your calls from telemarketers, but the list does not apply to charities. Criminals know this. If you get a call from a charity you wish to consider, go right to the charity’s website where you can get information about contributing.

head-shot-mcgrathRecharacterization is the name given to the reversal of a Roth conversion from a traditional IRA. If assets have fallen in value relative to the original Roth conversion, a recharacterization can result in a lower tax bill and still allow for a subsequent conversion. But it comes with precise rules and timing.

When an IRA owner converts to a Roth, investment profits are distributed tax free. The holder of the IRA must pay income tax on the transferred amount. Reconversion into a second traditional IRA eliminates the tax burden. This reconversion also allows people to move their now-decreased holdings into a Roth a second time and pay lower taxes on the transfer.

head-shot-steve-weismanWhen it comes to estate and financial planning, the charitable remainder trust may sound too good to be true. But its provisions are true and represent sound estate planning.

A charitable remainder trust provides income tax benefits, estate tax benefits, asset protection benefits, and also helps a charity.

Education tax incentives help families cover the costs of college and graduate school. Qualifying expenses vary according to the program, but may include tuition and fees, books, supplies, and room and board.

The American Opportunity Tax Credit covers up to $2,500 of education expenses for the first four years of college. Because 40 percent of the credit is refundable, up to $1,000 can be returned to the taxpayer.

The Lifetime Learning Credit offers a nonrefundable tax credit of up to $2,000 per student each year.

The savings bond education tax exclusion allows people to exclude interest on eligible bonds for education expenses. Eligible bonds include Series EE and I Bonds issued after 1989.

With a student loan interest deduction, taxpayers can claim up to $2,500 of interest paid on student loans as a deduction.

Qualified tuition programs let families set up accounts for education expenses. Although contributions are not deductible, distributions are not taxed. Families can change beneficiaries...

head-shot-steve-weismanThese trying economic times also present some great opportunities for the use of the estate planning technique known as a Grantor Retained Income Trust (GRAT). This can allow you to take advantage of today’s low interest rates.

A GRAT is an irrevocable trust. You put property into it and receive fixed payments for a designated period of years. At the end of that period, the remaining trust assets are distributed to other beneficiaries you have named.

Establishing the GRAT is subject to gift tax based on the value of the property put into the trust.

head-shot-steve-weismanInvestment, the saying goes, is a battle between fear and greed. Recent swings in the stock market have heightened the fear. This can make investors more vulnerable to scams.

Never invest in anything you do not understand. Phony schemes routinely appear. One such scheme is the prime bank scam, which promises huge returns by letting people in on the investments of the world’s wealthiest people through access to the portfolios of elite banks.

With the recent ups and downs in the stock market, it’s a good time to review some tax rules for reporting gains and losses.

Stocks and bonds that become worthless during the year are treated as if they were sold on the last day of the year. This can determine whether the capital loss is short or long term. Be careful, the IRS says that if there is any chance the stock can recover, it’s not wholly worthless.

Vacation season is a time when people hit the road. It’s also the time when they rent out their houses, apartments, condos, mobile homes, and boats. In terms of tax deductions on rental income, what matters most is how much a taxpayer personally uses a property.

If the taxpayer has no personal use, the property is treated as a rental, subject to passive activity loss rules. This means there are limits to what you can deduct without offsetting income. In any event, all income and expenses are reported on Schedule E, which is for a business in which a taxpayer is only sporadically involved.

If the property is being used by the owner and rented, operating expenses are allocated based on the number of days rented at fair value divided by the number of days the property is occupied.

The Tax Court has upheld a less generous method for allocating interest and taxes. This is based on the number of days in the year rather than the number of days a property is occupied. But interest and taxes on...

head-shot-steve-weismanOne of the most important concerns for older people considering marriage is the cost of long-term care. Medicaid considers the assets of both husband and wife in determining eligibility for the spouse requiring nursing home care. Even if a remarrying couple has a prenuptial agreement indicating that neither spouse has any financial responsibility for the other’s long-term care, Medicaid will disregard the agreement. For this reason, many older people will choose to live together without being married...

head-shot-steve-cunninghamWith gasoline prices topping $4 a gallon earlier this year, it’s no surprise that people are worried about them. Gasoline and fuel costs represent about 5 percent of consumer costs as given by the Consumer Price Index. In fact, a March survey by the Consumer Federation of America found that 90 percent of respondents said they were concerned about gasoline prices. This is the highest level of concern they have measured in the six years they have been running the opinion poll.

Even though gas prices are starting to ease a bit, people are still looking for some way to protect themselves against higher costs...

head-shot-steve-weismanEstate planning for second or subsequent marriages brings a number of competing concerns.

The first thing to consider is a prenuptial agreement. These not only protect assets from being taken in a divorce, they also provide for distribution of the assets in a manner as desired by the asset holder in the event of his or her death. This can help protect assets for children from a previous marriage. The protection is particularly important because a surviving spouse who is dissatisfied with what he or she would inherit can disregard the will and take a share determined by state law, usually one-third of the assets. A prenuptial agreement would override this statutory share...

By Paul L. Goetz, CPA
Paul is an audit partner with BST Advisors, LLC.

Current accounting principles basically ignore the impact of inflation on an entity’s financial position and operating results. In an inflationary environment, this can grossly distort common measures of profitability and the value of shares. Nominal revenues will be higher and costs will not reflect higher replacement costs, giving the impression of higher profits and lower price-earnings ratios.

The lack of inflation-adjusted financial statements also distorts the comparability of financial information over time. Inventory and fixed assets do not reflect economic value, and future earnings are not easily predictable. Only by stripping out the effects of overall and specific price-level changes would users of financial information be able to analyze financial performance by management...

 

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This article is from the June 6, 2011...

steve-wisemanBy Steven J.J. Weisman
Steven is a lawyer and author. His website is www.stevelaw.net.

There are substantial financial reasons for avoiding marriage later in life.

A remarrying senior may face the loss of a former spouse’s pension benefits, military survivor’s benefits, or Social Security benefits. Marriage also could create complications in regard to medical costs and Medicaid eligibility and may place assets in jeopardy for the medical costs incurred by a new spouse. (We will explore this in a future column.)...

—Kevin T. McGrath, CPA, is a tax partner with BST Advisors, LLC.

Health savings accounts save money by allowing people to use pre-tax dollars for medical expenses that are not covered by insurance. The money can pay for qualified expenses incurred by the beneficiary and dependents.

HSAs are similar to IRAs. They usually are set up through employers, but self-employed and unemployed people also may contribute, as can people on behalf of an eligible individual...

 

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This article is from the April 4, 2011 issue of Research Reports.

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steve-wiseman—Steven J.J. Weisman is a lawyer and author. His website is www.stevelaw.net.

When is Trouble worth $12 million? When Trouble is the dog that belonged to billionaire real estate investor Leona Helmsley. The Maltese terrier initially received $12 million from Helmsley’s estate only to have the court reduce the amount to a bare bones $2 million.

For many people, not just the notorious “Queen of Mean,” providing for the continued care of a much loved pet is a major consideration. For a long time, setting up a trust to provide for the care of a pet was illegal because pets were considered property and therefore not able to be a beneficiary of a trust. Particularly in the last 10 years, however, the movement to enact legislation to authorize trusts for animals has spread. Now 44 states and the District of Columbia have specific...

Mutual funds are a great convenience for many investors, allowing them an easier way to diversify portfolios compared to investing in individual stocks and bonds. But calculating capital gain or loss on a sale of mutual fund shares for tax purposes is more complicated.

The tax basis of mutual funds is usually the cash investment, plus reinvested dividends and capital gains, minus returns of capital. The easier way to have access to these numbers is to keep good records. If sales charges or commissions are separately stated by the broker, you will need to track these as well, since they will change your cost basis.

If your mutual fund is not keeping these numbers for you, you will need to perform the task. Create an Excel spreadsheet, and record your activity each year. Also, keep copies of your year-end statements. Among other things, the statements usually show reinvested dividends.

For IRS audit purposes, generally you need to keep records three years from the date the tax return is due or...